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While the education policy landscape changes, those who work in schools will agree on one constant. All young people – regardless of their background, context, attainment levels or any other labels they may acquire – can benefit from and deserve to have their specific needs catered for. This is no less the case for the more able than for any other group. We must ensure that these learners experience high-quality challenge and support to develop their abilities.

As Sir Michael Wilshaw stated in 2016, “if provision for the brightest children is good, it is likely that other groups of learners are also being well served.”

Education is concerned with enhancing learning. Our evidence base is evolving, as we learn from one another, from other countries and increasingly from other disciplines. In this “Perspectives on More Able” series, NACE aims to shine a spotlight on effective policy and practice for the more able, providing a forum for views, opinions and debate.

 

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NACE’s refreshed vision and mission statements

Posted By Rob Lightfoot, 06 February 2025

NACE CEO Rob Lightfoot shares the thinking behind NACE’s refreshed vision and mission statements.
 
Having worked in state secondary comprehensive schools for nearly 30 years, prior to joining NACE as CEO in 2021, I have worked through and been involved with various strategies throughout my teaching career. It is safe to say some strategies were more successful than others!

In recent years, however, a focus on cognitive challenge had an extremely positive impact on my students. I don’t think any of us will argue that a teacher’s job is to ensure all of their learners are challenged and working to the very best of their ability. This is extremely difficult to achieve unless we start our planning by focusing on the needs of the ‘more able’ learners in any particular class. They have their own distinct needs, like any other group of learners, and – as we can see from our NACE Challenge Award schools – you will see a rise in achievement for a much wider group of learners if the needs of the ‘more able’ are met effectively across a school. 

NACE uses the term ‘cognitive challenge’ (sometimes shortened to ‘challenge’) to describe how learners become able to understand and form complex and abstract ideas and develop the ability to solve problems. Cognitive challenge will prompt and stimulate extended and strategic thinking, analytical and evaluative processes.

Opportunities for cognitive challenge are essential. As summarised by Professor Philip Adey (2008): “What the research shows consistently is that if you face children with intellectual challenges and then help them talk through the problems towards a solution, then you almost literally stretch their minds. They become cleverer, not only in the particular topic, but across the curriculum. It can therefore be argued that teachers cannot afford to allow their pupils to miss out on the opportunities for deep thinking.” 

You can read more about our work on cognitive challenge here.

I look back with some embarrassment at my early teaching career when the focus was on the ‘middle’ and challenge was provided through the setting of additional tasks once the planned work had been completed. These tasks were often more of the same, rather than expecting learners to think hard and develop the skills they need to be successful in the future, both in school and beyond. When enrichment tasks did contain necessary levels of challenge, learners who encountered various forms of disadvantage could be hampered by lack of access to the same support/opportunities as their peers, which created barriers to learning. This is the focus for our current research.

The terminology associated with ‘more able’ learners can be both confusing and controversial. I have encountered many occasions when teaching colleagues come to me with a preconceived view of what NACE stands for as a charity. Many conversations start with us being accused of elitism – championing a group who are already at an advantage – but this couldn’t be further from the truth. 

Whether we refer to learners as more or most able, exceptionally able, gifted and/or talented, or as having higher learning potential, we need to recognise their needs and ‘teach to the top’. A ‘teaching to the top’ approach ensures we meet the needs of our highest-achieving learners (and those with the potential to achieve highly), but this does not affect our ability to break down the objectives to meet the needs of all learners too. As noted above, all learners will benefit from a challenge-focused approach. 

We want to support schools to utilise every second of every lesson to ensure that all young people have the opportunity to develop their abilities without limits. This is at the heart of our refreshed vision and mission statements, which you can read below and on our “About” webpage.

Our vision

That all young people, including the more able, have the opportunity to develop their abilities without limits – no matter what barriers to learning they may face and no matter what school they attend.

Our mission

  • To support and work with schools in England, Wales and internationally to enable teachers and senior leaders to understand the needs of their more able learners and to develop high-quality provision and learning cultures which raise expectations and standards for all.
  • To develop and disseminate evidence-based approaches to provision for more able learners and to undertake and spearhead research into effective practices for such learners.
  • To champion more able learners, including those experiencing disadvantage, and to lobby for their inclusion in school improvement strategies, national education policy and other developments to achieve greater equity in education for all learners.

Our goals

  • To support teachers and school leaders in developing high-quality teaching and curriculum design for more able learners and challenge for all through a range of professional development programmes and resources.
  • To support schools in self-evaluation and school improvement for more able learners in a culture of challenge for all through the NACE Challenge Development Programme.
  • To provide a highly regarded quality mark for school provision for more able learners through the NACE Challenge Award and to support accredited schools in disseminating best practice.
  • To provide networking opportunities for schools to drive improvements for more able learners through knowledge sharing and collaboration.
  • To undertake research into highly effective provision for more able learners and to disseminate this through publications, partnerships and NACE professional development services.
  • To communicate with relevant national bodies and to contribute to policy developments to ensure the inclusion of more able young people, including those experiencing disadvantage, in improving educational outcomes and life chances for all.
  • To engage in partnerships which will raise and promote awareness of the needs of more able learners, and how to meet their needs effectively through strategies which will have a positive impact on the aspirations and achievements of a wider group of learners.

If you would like to know more about what NACE has to offer you and your school, then please do not hesitate to contact us:

Tags:  cognitive challenge  disadvantage  myths and misconceptions  research 

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Why focus on more able learners?

Posted By NACE, 31 May 2019
Updated: 12 August 2021
Often school leaders and practitioners can feel on the back foot when explaining their focus on improving provision for the most able. Next time someone asks, be ready with a clear and confident response…

Whether openly posed or – as is often the case – an unspoken doubt, this question underlies the formation of NACE 40 years ago and our continued efforts to campaign on behalf of this group, alongside our members and partners.

For many in education, this question has become a fragmented one. There is a temptation to avoid tackling it head-on – focusing (with good reason) on disadvantage and social mobility, the wider benefits of raising levels of challenge and aspirations for all learners, or the impact on whole-school improvement. These are all valid and important issues, but they also sidestep the primary thrust of the question.

The direct answer is simple. All young people – regardless of their background, context, attainment levels or any other labels they may acquire – can benefit from and deserve to have their specific needs catered for. This is no less the case for the more able than for any other group. We must ensure that these learners experience high-quality challenge and support to develop their abilities.

A variety of myths and misconceptions, combined with a focus on raising average or lower levels of attainment, have contributed to more able learners slipping off the national agenda in England, Wales and elsewhere. These misconceptions include the assumptions that more able learners will excel regardless, that they will thrive in any environment, that all young people are potentially of high ability and therefore there is no specific group in need of additional support, or that able learners only exist in certain schools.

Not an elite agenda – in fact, the reverse is true

One of the most damaging misconceptions is the belief that focusing on the more able is elitist. In fact, far from being an elite agenda, focusing on provision for the more able is about ensuring equal opportunity for all. More able learners, just as much as any other group, deserve to have their needs recognised and catered for – and there is evidence to show that specific interventions and approaches can have a positive impact on their development. Currently, provision for more able learners in England, Wales and many other countries lacks consensus and consistency – leaving many learners lacking sufficient stretch and challenge.

Indeed, somewhat ironically, a focus on “equity” can in fact lead to the most able being neglected. As Gabriel Heller Sahlgren notes in a 2018 review of existing research in the field: “[A]s governments in general tend to focus in particular on increasing equity and raising achievement among low-performing pupils, the needs of gifted children are often ignored in western countries.”[1]

Outdated approaches are not an excuse for neglect

Fears about elitism are often linked to outdated view of “giftedness” as fixed, predetermined and/or class-based. With developments in understanding around neuroplasticity, the impact of mindset, effort and environment, there is now widespread recognition that ability is fluid and developmental.  However, it is still the case that some people have the potential to achieve particularly highly in one or more fields. It is important that schools are equipped to recognise this and to ensure that such learners are given opportunities and support to develop as fully as possible.

While underachievement is not the only reason to focus on more able learners, it is a genuine concern. Research from bodies such as The Sutton Trust consistently highlights the pervasive gaps in achievement and opportunity when it comes to more able learners from disadvantaged backgrounds in particular. However, this is still only part of the picture. We don’t know how many young people could be achieving more, whether they fall within the “disadvantaged” criteria or not.

Wider benefits – for learners, schools and societies

Schools have a duty to ensure all learners have opportunities to explore, discover, share and develop their abilities, in all fields. The current focus on ensuring a broad and rich curricular and extracurricular offer for all has the potential to support this goal. In ensuring the curriculum offers sufficient levels of challenge, schools have the opportunity to raise standards and opportunities for all. And, as we see from schools working with the NACE Challenge Framework, a holistic focus on improving provision for the most able is likely to impact positively on provision, ethos and outcomes across the whole school.

There are also clear benefits at societal and economic levels in ensuring the potential of the most able is realised. Research suggests that increasing attainment at the highest levels has a particularly significant impact on annual per-capita growth.[2] Few would contest the view that modern economies need access to the full range of their population’s cognitive and creative abilities to stay competitive, and to address the major challenges and changes of the coming years.

A duty to meet the needs of every individual

Zooming back in from the whole-school, national or indeed international perspective, at its heart our mission is about the individual young people who could and do benefit from being recognised and supported as more able. While acknowledging that the “more able” label is – like all labels – imperfect, and that identification is a complex and ongoing process, we cannot allow these challenges to become excuses for neglecting the needs of those with the potential to achieve at the highest levels.

Importantly, there is evidence to suggest that this group – while by no means homogenous – do have specific needs and propensities, and that schools can respond effectively to these. More able learners can be particularly vulnerable to disengagement and to a range of pressures with both internal and external sources – including perfectionism, fear of failure, low self-esteem, imposter syndrome and social difficulties. Schools have a duty to ensure effective, specialised support is provided at all stages to ensure all more able learners have a chance to thrive.

What drives your school’s focus on more able learners, and what common myths and misconceptions have you encountered? Contact us to share your views and experiences.
 
[1] Heller Sahlgren, G. (2018), What works in gifted education? Centre for Education Economics.
[2] Hanushek, E. A. and Woessmann, L. (2012), Do better skills lead to more growth? Journal of Economic Growth 17: 267-321.

Tags:  disadvantage  identification  myths and misconceptions  research 

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